Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Semen Trigonellae Foeni-graeci
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	koroha (コロハ)
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	hoolopa (호로파)
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	wu4 lou4 baa1
Other Names: 別名﹕	ku dou (literally means bitter beans)苦豆，xiang cao (literally means fragrant grass) 香草。
Common Name: 英文名﹕	common fenugreek seed
Distribution: 產地﹕	Anhui, Henan, Sichuan provinces of China. 安徽，河南，四川等省
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	bitter， warm。 苦，溫。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	kidney, liver. 入腎，肝經。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	Seeds, stems, and leaves are effective in lowering blood sugar, blood lipids. Leaves and stems are also effective for kidney function exhaustion and for high altitude disease. The seeds can improve milk production in goats. This can be mediated through the increase of growth hormone. [1] It can also be suppressing dopamine. 胡蘆巴種子及莖葉具有較好的降血糖，降血脂等作用，而葉莖部分對治療腎功能衰竭和防治高山反應也有效。種子對山羊有催乳作用可能是通過增加生長激素的關係。【1】也可能是本品能抑制多巴胺之缘故。
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Impotence due to shenxu (kidney deficient), lack of libido, hernia of the groin area, cold and pain in the testes, stomach pain due to deficient, edema in the legs and lack of strength due to deficiency, nerurasthenia.. 腎虛陽萎﹐冷感症﹐寒疝偏陲﹐睾丸冷痛﹐胃寒痛﹐寒濕脚氣腫痛乏力﹐ 神經衰弱。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	胡蘆巴鹼(trigonelline)、薯預皂甙元葡萄糖甙(diosgenin—β—D—glucoside)、牡荊素(vitexin)、異牡荊素 (saponaretin)、異葒草素(isoorientin)、牡荊素—7—葡萄糖甙(vitexin-7-glucoside)、胡蘆巴甙 I， II (vicenin I、II)。
Dosage: 用量﹕	in decoction: 6 to 10 g. 煎服6-10克。
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	Do not use in cases of  yinxu (yin deficient) with heat or with damp-heat . The sticky substance of this herb may delay absorption of other oral drugs or herbs. The hypoglycemic effect of herb may increase the effect of diabetes drugs. This herb possesses the function of blood thinning effect like coumarin. It may increase the effect of drug like heparin and coumarin. and may cause bleeding. This herb contains amines and may increase the effect of monoamine oxydase inhibitors (MAOIs). 本品含粘質，可能降低口服药物吸收的速度。 本品有降低血糖之作用。可能增加糖尿病药物的作用。 本品有抗凝血作用，可能增加抗凝血药物（如肝素，華弗林等）之作用，而致出血。 本品含有單胺類化合物，可能使到單胺氧化酶抑制劑效力增高。 陰虛火旺或有濕熱者忌用。

Monoamines - a class of hormones or neurotransmitters including the catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine) and indoleamines (serotonin and melatonin).