Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕	Semen Sinapis albae
Botanical name: 學名﹕	Sinapis alba, L.; （白芥）(white jie zi) Brassica alba (L.) Boiss. （黄芥）（yellow jie zi)
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕	hakugaishi
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕	paekkaecha
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕	baak6 gaai3 zi2
Other Names: 別名﹕
Common Name: 英文名﹕	white mustard seed
Distribution: 產地﹕	Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong Sichuan, Shaanxi, Zhejiang 主產於安徽，河南，河化，山西，山東，四川，陕西，浙江等地。
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕	acrid, warm and slightly toxic. 辛，温，微毒。
Channels (meridians) entered:   歸經﹕	lung, stomach. 肺，胃。
Medical functions: 藥理﹕	Expels phlegm; calming asthma Inhibits bacteria. 平 喘 袪 痰 抑 菌
Actions & Indications: 主治﹕	Being used in cold phlegm obstruction type of cough, pain and fullness in rib cage, asthmatic cough with abundance of phlegm, pain in limbs and joints, migrating sores, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, leaching pleurisy, neuralgia. 寒痰壅滯之咳嗽氣逆，胸脅滿痛，喘咳痰多症，肢體關節疼痛，陰阻漫腫痰濕流注，慢性氣管炎，肺氣腫，滲出性胸膜炎，神經痛。
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕	Glucosinalbin 葡 萄 白芥子苷 ( Bitters 苦 味 質 Sinapinrhodanide  芥 子 鹼 fatty acid 脂 肪 酸 Polysaccharides 聚 醣 類
Dosage: 用量﹕	For decoction: 3 to 10 g.  External application: use appropriate amount. Grind into powder and make paste. Apply to affect areas. 内服，煎湯，3-10 克。 外 用 ：適量，研 末 調 敷 。
Samples of formulae :處方舉例﹕
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕
Toxicity & Cautions: 毒素與禁忌﹕	Not to use in cases of chronic cough due to lung deficient, or  yinxu (yin deficient) or heat in stomach. Taking large amount may cause diarrhea. External application for too long can cause inflammation. Avoid eye contact. 肺 虛 久 咳 ， 陰虛 火 旺 及 胃 火 熾 盛 者 忌 服。大剤量可能引起腹瀉。外敷過久可能引起皮膚發炎。避免接触眼睛。